Azo compound and method of preparing the azo compound

ABSTRACT

An azo compound having the following formula (I): 
       A(E) n   (I)
 
     wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n pieces of E group through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming a part of the residue A; E independently represents a hydrogen atom or —C(═O)—O—R1 wherein R1 represents a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aralkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 10.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an azo compound used as an organicphotoconductive material, and to a method of preparing the azo compound.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

Conventionally, an azo compound has been used as an organicphotoconductive material, particularly as a charge generation pigment ina multilayered photoreceptor being an embodiment of electrophotographicphotoreceptors.

The multilayered photoreceptor is known to be a photoreceptor includingan electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer formed on theelectroconductive substrate, including a charge generation pigmenthaving charge generatability as a main component; and a charge transportlayer formed on the charge generation layer, efficiently absorbing acharge generated by the charge generation layer and including a chargetransport material capable of transporting the charge as a maincomponent. Conventionally, as azo compounds for use in suchphotoreceptors, Japanese published unexamined applications Nos. 47-37543and 52-55643 disclose benzidine bisazo compounds; Japanese publishedunexamined application No. 52-8832 discloses stilbene bisazo compounds;Japanese published unexamined application No. 58-222152 disclosesdiphenylhexatriene bisazo compounds; and Japanese published unexaminedapplication No. 58-222153 discloses diphenylbutadiene bisazo compounds.

However, the multilayered photoreceptor using a conventional azocompound typically has low sensitivity, which is unsatisfactory to aphotoreceptor for high-speed copiers. One of the reasons is thought thatimpurities are not fully removed from the azo compound because the azocompound typically has very low solubility with an organic solvent andis purified only by being washed with an organic solvent. In addition, acombination with a long-time dispersion process by methods such as aball milling method to prepare a dispersion liquid in which microscopicparticles are uniformly dispersed or a use of a resin dispersionstabilizer is inevitable.

Because of these reasons, a need exists for an azo compound useful as anorganic photoconductive material, overcoming the conventional drawbacks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an azocompound having good solubility in an organic solvent, which is usefulas an organic photoconductive material used for high-sensitiveelectrophotographic photoreceptors, particularly for multilayeredphotoreceptors, practicable for not only high-speed copiers but alsolaser printers.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method ofpreparing the azo compound.

To achieve such objects, the present invention contemplates theprovision of an azo compound having the following formula (I):

A(E)n  (I)

wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n piecesof E group through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming apart of the residue A; E independently represents a hydrogen atom or—C(═O)—O—R1 wherein R1 represents a substituted or an unsubstitutedalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynylgroup, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aralkyl group; andn represents an integer of from 1 to 10.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Generally, the present invention provides an azo compound useful as anorganic photoconductive material used for high-sensitiveelectrophotographic photoreceptors for high-speed copiers.

More particularly, the present invention relates to an azo compoundhaving the following formula (I):

A(E)n  (I)

wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n piecesof E group through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming apart of the residue A; E independently represents a hydrogen atom or—C(═O)—O—R1 wherein R1 represents a substituted or an unsubstitutedalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynylgroup, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aralkyl group; andn represents an integer of from 1 to 10.

The residue A is preferably a residue of a compound having the followingformula (II):

B—(N═N-Cp)m  (II)

wherein B represents a main backbone of an azo compound; Cp represents acoupler component residue; and m represents an integer of 2 or 3.

The coupler component residue is preferably a member selected from thegroup consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon compound residues having ahydroxyl group, heterocyclic compound residues having a hydroxyl group,aromatic hydrocarbon compound residues having an amino group,heterocyclic compound residues having an amino group, aromatichydrocarbon compound residues having a hydroxyl group and an aminogroup, heterocyclic compound residues having a hydroxyl group and anamino group, and compound residues having an aliphatic or an aromaticenolic ketone group.

The aromatic hydrocarbon compound residue having a hydroxyl group ispreferably a member selected from the group consisting of phenoliccompound residues and naphthol compound residues, and the aromatichydrocarbon compound residues having a hydroxyl group and an amino groupare preferably aminonaphthol compounds.

The Cp is preferably at least any one of compounds having the followingformulae (5) to (13):

wherein X represents —OH, —N(R¹)(R²) or —NHSO₂—R³ wherein R¹ and R²independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or anunsubstituted alkyl group, and R3 represents a substituted or anunsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or an unsubstituted arylgroup; Y¹ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted oran unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkoxygroup, a carboxy group, a sulfone group, a substituted or anunsubstituted sulfamoyl group or —CON(R⁴)(Y²) wherein R⁴ represents analkyl group or its substituents, or a phenyl group or its substituents,and Y² represents a ring hydrocarbon group or its substituents, aheterocyclic group or its substituents, or —N═C(R⁵)(R⁶) wherein R⁵represents a ring hydrocarbon group or its substituents, a heterocyclicgroup or its substituents, or a styryl group or its substituents, R⁶represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a phenyl group or itssubstituents, and alternatively R⁵ and R⁶ optionally form a ring withcarbon atoms bonded therewith; Z represents a ring hydrocarbon group orits substituents, or a heterocyclic group or its substituents; Prepresents an integer of 1 or 2; and q represents an integer of 1 or 2.

wherein R⁷ represents a substituted or an unsubstituted hydrocarbongroup; and X is same as the above-mentioned.

wherein A represents an of aromatic hydrocarbon bivalent group or aheterocyclic bivalent group including a nitrogen atom in the ringoptionally substituted or unsubstituted; and X is same as theabove-mentioned.

wherein R⁸ represents an alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a carboxy groupor its esters; Ar¹ represents a ring hydrocarbon group or itssubstituents; and X is same as the above-mentioned.

wherein R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or anunsubstituted hydrocarbon group; and Ar² a ring hydrocarbon group or itssubstituents.

The B in the formula (II) preferably has any one of the followingformulae (III) to (X):

wherein R₁ and R₂ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or anunsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group and its esters;

wherein R₃, R₄ and R₅ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or anunsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group and its esters;

wherein R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or anunsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group and its esters;

wherein R₉ and R₁₀ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or anunsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group and its esters;

wherein R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃ independently represent a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, asubstituted or an unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group andits esters;

wherein R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₆ independently represent a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, asubstituted or an unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group andits esters;

wherein R₁₇, R₁₈ and R₁₉ independently represent a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, asubstituted or an unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group andits esters; and

wherein R₂₁ and R₂₂ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or anunsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group and its esters.

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (III) includecompounds having the following formulae (III)-1 to (III)-14:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (IV) includecompounds having the following formulae (IV)-1 to (IV)-5:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (V) includecompounds having the following formulae (V)-1 to (V)-7:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (VI) includecompounds having the following formulae (VI)-1 to (VI)-5:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (VII) includecompounds having the following formulae (VII)-1 to (VII)-7:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (VIII) includecompounds having the following formulae (VIII)-1 to (VIII)-5:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (IX) includecompounds having the following formulae (IX)-1 to (IX)-4:

Specific examples of the azo compounds having the formula (X) includecompounds having the following formulae (X)-1 to (X)-6:

The compound having the formula (I) can be synthesized as disclosed inEuropean Patents Nos. 648,770 and 648,817, or International PublicationNo. WO98/32802, e.g., the compound having the formula (II) and acompound having the following formula are reacted each other at a propermolar ratio in an aprotic organic solvent at from 0 to 150° C.,preferably from 10 to 100° C. for 30 min to 20 hrs under the presence ofa base as a catalyst.

wherein R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or an unsubstitutedalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl group, alkynyl group,cycloalkyl group, cycloalkenyl group or aralkyl group.

The molar ratio depends on the number of E. Diester pyrocarbonate ispreferably used a little bit more.

Specific examples of the aprotic organic solvent include ether solventssuch as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; glycol ether solvents such asethyleneglycolmethylether and ethyleneglycolethylether; acetonitrile;N,N-dimethylformamide; N,N-dimethylacetoamide; ethylcellosolve;ethylacetate; methylacetate; dichloromethane; dichloroethane;monochlorobenzene; toluene; xylene; nitrobenzene; pyridine; picoline;quinoline; etc. Among these solvents, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran,N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetoamide are preferably used.

Specific examples of the base as a catalyst include alkali metals suchas sodium, kalium, and their hydroxides and carbonates; alkali metalamides such as sodium amide and kalium amide; and hydrogenated alkalimetals such as hydrogenated lithium; organic aliphatic, aromatic orheterocyclic N-bases such as diazabicyclooctene, diazabicycloundecene,4-dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylpyridine, pyridine and triethylamine.Among these bases, organic N-bases such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine,dimethylpyridine and pyridine are preferably used.

Diester pyrocarbonate having the following formula can be prepared byknown methods, and commercially available.

R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkylgroup having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, acycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aralkyl group as mentionedabove, and preferably a branched alkyl group in terms of itsoutstandingly improved solubility.

A product having the following formula (I) can be isolated after reactedby conventional methods:

A(E)n  (I)

wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n piecesof E group through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming apart of the residue A; E independently represents a hydrogen atom or—C(═O)—O—R1 wherein R1 represents a substituted or an unsubstitutedalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynylgroup, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aralkyl group; andn represents an integer of from 1 to 10. Particularly, the azo compoundof the present invention is easy to purify by recrystallization orcolumn chromatogram for further improving a purity thereof.

An azo pigment preparation method of converting the azo compound of thepresent invention having the formula (I) into an azo compound A(H)n bychemically, thermally or photolytically de-carbo esterifying the azocompound having the formula (I) will be explained.

The chemical methods prepare an azo pigment with a catalyst such as anacid or a base. Acids such as an acetic acid, a trifluoroacetic acid, apropionic acid, an acrylic acid, a benzoic acid, a hydrochloric acid, asulfuric acid, a boric acid, a p-toluenesulfonic acid and a salicylicacid are preferably used.

The thermal methods prepare an azo pigment by heating the azo compoundhaving the formula (I) to have a temperature of from 50 to 300° C. underthe presence of no or a solvent, and preferably from 70 to 250° C. underan atmospheric pressure for 20 hrs.

The photolytic methods can use light such as a high-pressure or alow-pressure mercury lamp, a tungsten lamp, a LED lamp and a laser lightsource, provided the azo compound having the formula (I) absorbs thelight.

Specific examples of the organic solvent include ether solvents such astetrahydrofuran and dioxane; glycol ether solvents such asethyleneglycolmethylether and ethyleneglycolethylether; butanol;N,N-dimethylformamide; N,N-dimethylacetoamide; ethylcellosolve;ethylacetate; butylacetate; monochlorobenzene; dichlorobenzene; toluene;xylene; anisole; cyclohexanone; nitrobenzene; pyridine; picoline;quinoline; etc.

A combination of the chemical methods, thermal methods or the photolyticmethods can more efficiently prepare an azo pigment. Particularly, acombination of the chemical methods and thermal methods can prepare ahigh-purity azo pigment at a high yield.

An azo pigment preparation method of dissolving the azo compound havingthe formula (I) in an organic solvent to prepare a solution; subjectingthe solution to an absorption treatment with a silica gel, alumina,florisil, an active carbon, an active earth, a diatom earth or perlite;and chemically, thermally or photolytically converting the azo compoundhaving the formula (I) into an azo compound A(H)n will be explained.

Specific examples of the organic solvent include ether solvents such astetrahydrofuran and dioxane; glycol ether solvents such asethyleneglycolmethylether and ethyleneglycolethylether; butanol;N,N-dimethylformamide; N,N-dimethylacetoamide; ethylcellosolve;ethylacetate; butylacetate; dichloromethane; chloroform; carbontetrachloride; dichloroethane; monochlorobenzene; dichlorobenzene;toluene; xylene; anisole; n-hexane; cyclohexanone; nitrobenzene;pyridine; picoline; quinoline; and their combinations.

The absorption treatment includes column chromatography and filtrationwith an absorbent at room temperature or when heated. In addition, acombination of the absorption treatment and a recrystallization can moreefficiently prepare a high-purity azo pigment.

The azo compound of the present invention is used for organicphotoconductive materials, particularly as a charge generation materialfor various electrophotographic photoreceptors, e.g., (1) asingle-layered photoreceptor formed of an electroconductive substrateand a photoconductive layer including the azo compound, a binder resinand an optional sensitizer as main components on the electroconductivesubstrate; (2) the single-layered photoreceptor of (1), thephotoconductive layer of which further includes a charge transportmaterial; (3) a multilayered photoreceptor formed of anelectroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer including the azocompound as a main component on the electroconductive substrate, andfurther a charge transport layer including a charge transport materialand a binder resin as main components on the charge generation layer;and (4) the multilayered photoreceptor of (3), the charge generationlayer and the charge transport layer of which are reversely layered.

In addition, the azo compound of the present invention can also be usedfor other color materials such as those for recording media and colorfilters because of having good solubility in an organic solvent.

Having generally described this invention, further understanding can beobtained by reference to certain specific examples which are providedherein for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to belimiting. In the descriptions in the following examples, the numbersrepresent weight ratios in parts, unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of Compound III-3

0.83 g of a precursor of the compound III-3 (E=H) and 2.6 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 150 mlof dehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 30 min. The dispersion gradually becamereddish and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution was cooled tohave a room temperature and the solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure. Then, about 50 ml of ethylacetate were added thereto toprepare 1.18 g of a red powder (yield rate: 95.3%). The red powder wasfurther purified by column chromatogram (silica gel/chloroform).

Elemental Analysis (C₆₇H₆₀N₆O₁₃Cl₂) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 65.53 4.98 7.04 Calcd. (%) 65.52 4.92 6.84

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 2 Preparation of Compound III-4

0.79 g of a precursor of the compound III-4 (E=H) and 2.6 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 150 mlof dehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 30 min. The dispersion gradually becamereddish and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution was cooled tohave a room temperature and the solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure. Then, about 50 ml of ethylacetate were added thereto toprepare 1.02 g of a red powder (yield rate: 85.6%).

Elemental Analysis (C₆₉H₆₆N₆O₁₃) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 69.69 5.55 7.05 Calcd. (%) 69.80 5.60 7.08

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 3 Preparation of Compound III-2

1.61 g of a precursor of the compound III-2 (E=H) and 4.3 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 50 mlof dehydrated pyridine and 200 ml of dehydrated N,N-dimethylformamide,and after the dispersion was stirred at room temperature for 15 min, thedispersion was heated to have a temperature about 50° C. and reacted for2 hrs. The dispersion gradually became reddish and a uniform solutionwas prepared. The solution was cooled to have a room temperature andabout 100 ml of ethylacetate were added thereto to prepare 2.24 g of ared powder (yield rate: 93%).

Elemental Analysis (C₅₈H₄₇N₆O₉Cl) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 67.18 5.09 6.84 Calcd. (%) 67.63 5.26 6.96

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,765 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 4 Preparation of Compound III-3

0.21 g of a precursor of the compound III-3 (E=H) and 0.43 g (6 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-benzyl ester and 0.54 g of3,4-dimethylpyridine were dispersed in 50 ml of dehydratedN,N-dimethylformamide, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureof 100° C. and reacted for 6 hrs. The dispersion gradually becamereddish and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution was cooled tohave a room temperature and the solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure. Then, about 50 ml of toluene were added thereto to prepare0.28 g of a red powder (yield rate: 92.0%).

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 5 Preparation of Compound IV-1

2.93 g of a precursor of the compound IV-1 (E=H) and 6.5 g (15 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 250 mlof dehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureof 40° C. and reacted for 40 min. The dispersion gradually becamereddish violet and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution wascooled to have a room temperature and the solvent was distilled offunder reduced pressure. Then, about 100 ml of cyclohexane were addedthereto to prepare 2.91 g of a red powder (yield rate: 71.0%).

Elemental Analysis (C₁₂₃H₁₁₇N₁₃O₁₈Cl) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 71.28 5.65 9.11 Calcd. (%) 71.53 5.71 8.82

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,765 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 6 Preparation of Compound V-1

0.92 g of a precursor of the compound V-1 (E=H) and 2.6 g (12 times mol)of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 150 ml ofdehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 40 min. The dispersion gradually becamereddish orange and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution wascooled to have a room temperature and the solvent was distilled offunder reduced pressure. Then, about 50 ml of ethylacetate were addedthereto to prepare 1.16 g of a red powder (yield rate: 88.0%).

Elemental Analysis (C₆₉H₆₆N₆O₁₃) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 72.69 6.03 6.45 Calcd. (%) 72.93 6.12 6.38

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,975 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 7 Preparation of Compound VI-1

0.94 g of a precursor of the compound VI-1 (E=H) and 2.6 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 150 mlof dehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 2 hrs. The dispersion gradually becamereddish and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution was cooled tohave a room temperature and the solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure. Then, about 50 ml of ethylacetate were added thereto toprepare 1.11 g of a red powder (yield rate: 83.2%).

Elemental Analysis (C₄₈H₂₄N₆O₆Br₂) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 60.66 4.73 6.35 Calcd. (%) 60.72 4.50 6.25

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 8 Preparation of Compound VII-2

1.20 g of a precursor of the compound VII-2 (E=H) and 1.6 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-benzyl ester were dispersed in 150 ml ofdehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 1 hr. The dispersion gradually becamereddish violet and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution wascooled to have a room temperature and the solvent was distilled offunder reduced pressure. Then, about 50 ml of cyclohexane were addedthereto to prepare 1.60 g of a red powder (yield rate: 79.6%).

Elemental Analysis (C₁₂₂H₈₃N₉O₁₆Cl₂) (All: E:C₈H₇O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 72.98 4.30 6.45 Calcd. (%) 73.20 4.18 6.30

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 9 Preparation of Compound VIII-5

0.81 g of a precursor of the compound VIII-5 (E=H) and 2.7 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 150 mlof dehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 2 hrs. The dispersion gradually becamereddish and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution was cooled tohave a room temperature and the solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure. Then, about 50 ml of ethylacetate were added thereto toprepare 1.10 g of a red powder (yield rate: 86.6%).

Elemental Analysis (C₇₅H₇₂N₆O₁₃) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 71.20 5.79 6.35 Calcd. (%) 71.19 5.74 6.64

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Example 10 Preparation of Compound X-1

0.16 g of a precursor of the compound X-1 (E=H) and 0.52 g (12 timesmol) of pyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 30 mlof dehydrated pyridine, and after the dispersion was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 min, the dispersion was heated to have a temperatureabout 50° C. and reacted for 2 hrs. The dispersion gradually becamereddish and a uniform solution was prepared. The solution was cooled tohave a room temperature and the solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure. Then, about 50 ml of ethylacetate were added thereto toprepare 0.16 g of a red powder (yield rate: 80%).

Elemental Analysis (C₆₉H₆₆N₆O₁₃) (All E:C₅H₉O₂)

C H N Found. (%) 67.85 4.67 11.11 Calcd. (%) 68.38 4.75 11.21

An absorption by saturated hydrocarbon was observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and anabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O was observedat 1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) ofthe powder.

Application Example Based on Japanese Published Unexamined ApplicationNo. 2007-108682

An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared as follows.

30 parts of a metal-free phthalocyanine pigment Fastogen Blue 8120B fromDainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. as a charge generation material weredispersed with 970 parts of cyclohexanone in a ball mill for 2 hrs toprepare a charge generation material dispersion. Separately, 49 parts ofa polycarbonate resin (Z-polyca having a viscosity-average molecularweight of 40,000 from Teijin Chemicals Ltd.), 20 parts of the azocompound having the formula III-3, 29.5 parts of a charge transportmaterial having the following formula (I) and 0.1 parts of a siliconeoil (KF50-100CS from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in 340parts of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a solution.

66.6 parts of the charge generation material dispersion were added tothe solution and stirred therein to prepare a photosensitive layercoating liquid.

The photosensitive layer coating liquid was dip-coated on an aluminumdrum having a circumferential fluctuation not greater than 20 μm, alength of 340 mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The coated drum was dried at120° C. for 15 min to form a photosensitive layer having a thickness of25 μm thereon.

The thus prepared electrophotographic photoreceptor was installed in amodified IPSio Color 8100 from Ricoh Company, Ltd., which is modified tohave a writing LD having a wavelength of 780 nm and a positivelycharged-photoreceptor. Under the following conditions, 50,000 pieces ofa full-color image which is a mixture of a rectangle patch having animage area of 6% and letters were produced thereby to evaluate a darkspace potential, a bright space potential and image quality at thebeginning of and after production of the 50,000 images. The results areshown in Table 1.

The dark space, bright space and image quality were evaluated asfollows.

Dark space potential: A surface potential of the photoreceptor whenmoved to a developing position after primarily charged. Initially, thephotoreceptor was charged at a voltage of +700 V and a constant voltageafterward.

Bright space potential: A surface potential of the photoreceptor whenwholly irradiated and moved to a developing position after charged.

Image quality: whether the full-color image had background fouling whenunevenly charged.

TABLE 1 Dark space Bright space potential (+V) potential (+V) Imagequality Beginning 700 90 NIL After 50,000 680 130 NIL

As is apparent from the above-mentioned explanation, the azo compound ofthe present invention is effectively used as an organic photoconductivematerial for use in a high-sensitive electrophotographic photoreceptorfor high-speed copiers.

Example 11

0.49 g of the azo compound (III-3) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 1 and1.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml of o-xylene for 8hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactant gradually became blackishand a navy-blue material precipitated. At room temperature, theprecipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micronand washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a raisin powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original(de-carbobutoxy) azo pigment.

Example 12

0.48 g of the azo compound (III-4) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 2 and1.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml ofo-dichlorobenzene for 4 hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactantgradually became blackish and a navy-blue material precipitated. At roomtemperature, the precipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having asize of 0.1 micron and washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare araisin powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 13

0.48 g of the azo compound (III-2) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 3 and1.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml of chlorobenzenefor 5 hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactant gradually becameblackish and a navy-blue material precipitated. At room temperature, theprecipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micronand washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a raisin powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 14

0.52 g of the azo compound (III-3) (E=C₈H₇O₂) prepared in Example 4 and2.0 g of acetic acid were reacted with 50 ml of toluene for 5 hrs at 80°C. The reactant gradually became blackish and a navy-blue materialprecipitated. At room temperature, the precipitate was filtered with afluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micron and washed with 50 ml oftetrahydrofuran to prepare a raisin powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 15

1.18 g of the azo compound (IV-1) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 5 werereacted with 100 ml of o-xylene for 5 hrs under a reflux temperature.The reactant gradually became blackish and a navy-blue materialprecipitated. At room temperature, the precipitate was filtered with afluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micron and washed with 50 ml oftetrahydrofuran to prepare a perse powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 16

0.53 g of the azo compound (V-1) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 6 and1.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml of chlorobenzenefor 5 hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactant gradually becameblackish and a navy-blue material precipitated. At room temperature, theprecipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micronand washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a raisin powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 17

0.50 g of the azo compound (VI-1) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 7 and1.0 g of hydrochloric acid were reacted with 50 ml of cyclohexanone for5 hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactant gradually became blackishand a navy-blue material precipitated. At room temperature, theprecipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micronand washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a perse powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 18

0.53 g of the azo compound (VII-2) (E=C₈H₇O₂) prepared in Example 8 and2.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml ofN,N-dimethylformamide for 3 hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactantgradually became bluish and a navy-blue material precipitated. At roomtemperature, the precipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having asize of 0.1 micron and washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare aperse powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 19

0.46 g of the azo compound (VIII-5) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 9 and1.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml of chlorobenzenefor 3 hrs at 100° C. The reactant gradually became bluish and anavy-blue material precipitated. At room temperature, the precipitatewas filtered with a fluoro pore having a size of 0.1 micron and washedwith 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a perse powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 20

0.32 g of the azo compound (X-1) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 10 and1.0 g of trifluoroacetic acid were reacted with 50 ml ofo-dichlorobenzene for 4 hrs under a reflux temperature. The reactantgradually became blackish and a navy-blue material precipitated. At roomtemperature, the precipitate was filtered with a fluoro pore having asize of 0.1 micron and washed with 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran to prepare araisin powder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 21

0.30 g of the azo compound (III-2) (E=C₅H₉O₂) prepared in Example 3 wereplaced in an egg-plant-shaped flask and reacted for 2 hrs at 170° C. Thereactant gradually became black bluish and a raisin powder was preparedat room temperature.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Example 22

According to Example 5 in Japanese patent No. 3026645, an azo pigmentwas prepared. However, after the reaction, the reactant was not washedand purified with N,N-dimethylformamide and the azo pigment was preparedaccording to Example 3.

1.61 g of the azo compound (III-2) (E=H) and 4.3 g of (10 times mol) ofpyrocarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester were dispersed in 50 ml ofdehydrated pyridine and 200 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide to prepare adispersion. After the dispersion was stirred for 15 min at roomtemperature, the dispersion was heated to have a temperature about 50°C. and further reacted for 2 hrs. The reactant gradually became reddishand a uniform solution was prepared. The solvents were removed therefromat room temperature and about 100 ml of ethylacetate were added theretoto prepare a red powder.

The red powder was further purified by column chromatogram (silicagel/chloroform) and reacted according to Example 13 to prepare a raisinpowder.

The absorption by saturated hydrocarbon observed at 2,980 cm⁻¹ and theabsorption based on a stretching vibration of carbonate C═O observed at1,760 cm⁻¹ in an infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of thepowder disappeared and the powder was same as the original azo pigment.

Application Example

The procedure for preparation of a multilayered electrophotographicphotoreceptor in Application Example 2 of Japanese patent No. 3026645was repeated except for using the azo pigment prepared in Example 22.

After the multilayered photoreceptor was negatively-charged byelectrostatic copy paper tester SP428 from Kawaguchi Electric Works Co.,Ltd. with a corona discharge at −6 KV for 20 sec, it was left in a darkspace for 20 sec and the surface potential Vpo (V) thereof was measured.Next, the photoreceptor was irradiated by a tungsten lamp such that thesurface thereof has an illuminance of 4.5 lux and a time (sec) until theVpo became half due to light attenuation was measured to determine ahalf decay of light exposure E1/2 (lux·sec) as a sensitivity thereof.The photoreceptor had a Vpo of −1,105 V and an E1/2 of 0.6 lux·sec,i.e., a high sensitivity.

Additional modifications and variations of the present invention arepossible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to beunderstood that within the scope of the appended claims the inventionmay be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

This document claims priority and contains subject matter related toJapanese Patent Applications Nos. 2007-172269 and 2007-235747, filed onJun. 29, 2007 and Sep. 11, 2007, respectively, the entire contents ofwhich are herein incorporated by reference.

1. An azo compound having the following formula (I):A(E)n  (I) wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bondedwith n pieces of E group through one or more heteroatom being N or O andforming a part of the residue A; E independently represents —C(═O)—O—R1wherein R1 represents a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl grouphaving 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, acycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aralkyl group; and nrepresents an integer of from 1 to
 10. 2. The azo compound of claim 1,wherein the A is the residue of a compound having the following formula(II):B—(N═N-Cp)m  (II) wherein B represents a main backbone of an azocompound; Cp represents a coupler component residue; and m represents aninteger of 2 or
 3. 3. The azo compound of claim 2, wherein the couplercomponent residue is a member selected from the group consisting ofaromatic hydrocarbon compound residues having a hydroxyl group,heterocyclic compound residues having a hydroxyl group, aromatichydrocarbon compound residues having an amino group, heterocycliccompound residues having an amino group, aromatic hydrocarbon compoundresidues having a hydroxyl group and an amino group, heterocycliccompound residues having a hydroxyl group and an amino group, andcompound residues having an aliphatic or an aromatic enolic ketonegroup.
 4. The azo compound of claim 3, wherein the aromatic hydrocarboncompound residue having a hydroxyl group is a member selected from thegroup consisting of phenolic compound residues and naphthol compoundresidues.
 5. The azo compound of claim 3, wherein the aromatichydrocarbon compound residue having a hydroxyl group and an amino groupis an aminonaphthol compound.
 6. The azo compound of claim 2, whereinthe Cp is at least any one of compounds having the following formulae(5) to (13):

wherein X represents —OH, —N(R¹)(R²) or —NHSO₂—R³ wherein R¹ and R²independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or anunsubstituted alkyl group, and R³ represents a substituted or anunsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or an unsubstituted arylgroup; Y¹ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted oran unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkoxygroup, a carboxy group, a sulfone group, a substituted or anunsubstituted sulfamoyl group or —CON(R⁴)(Y²) wherein R⁴ represents analkyl group or its substituents, or a phenyl group or its substituents,and Y² represents a ring hydrocarbon group or its substituents, aheterocyclic group or its substituents, or —N═C(R⁵)(R⁶) wherein R⁵represents a ring hydrocarbon group or its substituents, a heterocyclicgroup or its substituents, or a styryl group or its substituents, R⁶represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a phenyl group or itssubstituents, and alternatively R⁵ and R⁶ optionally form a ring withcarbon atoms bonded therewith; Z represents a ring hydrocarbon group orits substituents, or a heterocyclic group or its substituents; Prepresents an integer of 1 or 2; and q represents an integer of 1 or 2,

wherein R⁷ represents a substituted or an unsubstituted hydrocarbongroup; and X is same as the above-mentioned,

wherein A represents an of aromatic hydrocarbon bivalent group or aheterocyclic bivalent group including a nitrogen atom in the ringoptionally substituted or unsubstituted; and X is same as theabove-mentioned,

wherein R⁸ represents an alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a carboxy groupor its esters; Ar¹ represents a ring hydrocarbon group or itssubstituents; and X is same as the above-mentioned,

wherein R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or anunsubstituted hydrocarbon group; and Ar² a ring hydrocarbon group or itssubstituents. 7-9. (canceled)
 10. The azo compound of claim 2, whereinthe B has the following formulae (VI):

wherein R₉ and R₁₀ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or anunsubstituted alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group and its esters. 11-19.(canceled)